PART VI. TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS
§571-61 Termination of parental rights; petition. (a) Relinquishment. The parents or either parent or the surviving parent who desire to relinquish parental rights to any natural or adopted child and thus make the child available for adoption or readoption, may petition the family court of the circuit in which the parents or parent resides, or of the circuit in which the child resides, or was born, for the entry of a judgment of termination of parental rights. The petition shall be verified and shall be substantially in a form as may be prescribed by the judge or senior judge of the family court. The petition may be filed at any time following the birthing parent's sixth month of pregnancy; provided that no judgment may be entered upon a petition concerning an unborn child until after the birth of the child and in respect to a legal parent or parents until the petitioner or petitioners have filed in the termination proceeding a written reaffirmation of their desires as expressed in the petition or in respect to a legal parent or parents until the petitioner or petitioners have been given no less than ten days' notice of a proposal for the entry of judgment and an opportunity to be heard in connection with the proposal.
(b) Involuntary termination.
(1) The family courts may terminate the parental rights with respect to any child as to any legal parent:
(A) Who has deserted the child without affording means of identification for a period of at least ninety days;
(B) Who has voluntarily surrendered the care and custody of the child to another for a period of at least two years;
(C) Who, when the child is in the custody of another, has failed to communicate with the child when able to do so for a period of at least one year;
(D) Who, when the child is in the custody of another, has failed to provide for care and support of the child when able to do so for a period of at least one year;
(E) Whose child has been removed from the parent's physical custody pursuant to legally authorized judicial action under section 571-11(9), and who is found to be unable to provide now and in the foreseeable future the care necessary for the well-being of the child;
(F) Who is found by the court to be mentally ill or intellectually disabled and incapacitated from giving consent to the adoption of or from providing now and in the foreseeable future the care necessary for the well-being of the child; or
(G) Who is found not to be the child's natural or adoptive non-birthing parent.
(2) The family courts may terminate the parental rights in respect to any minor of any natural but not legal non-birthing parent who is an adjudicated, presumed or concerned non-birthing parent under chapter 578, or who is named as the non-birthing parent on the child's birth certificate:
(A) Who falls within paragraph (1)(A), (B), (C), (D), (E), or (F);
(B) Whose child is sought to be adopted by the child's birthing parent's spouse and the birthing parent's spouse has lived with the child and the child's legal birthing parent for a period of at least one year;
(C) Who is only a concerned non-birthing parent who has failed to file a petition for the adoption of the child or whose petition for the adoption of the child has been denied; or
(D) Who is found to be an unfit or improper parent or to be financially or otherwise unable to give the child a proper home and education.
(3) In respect to any proceedings under paragraphs (1) and (2), the authority to terminate parental rights may be exercised by the court only when a verified petition, substantially in the form above prescribed, has been filed by some responsible adult person on behalf of the child in the family court of the circuit in which the parent resides or the child resides or was born and the court has conducted a hearing of the petition. A copy of the petition, together with notice of the time and place of the hearing thereof, shall be personally served at least twenty days before the hearing upon the parent whose rights are sought to be terminated. If personal service cannot be effected within the State, service of the notice may be made as provided in section 634-23 or 634-24.
(4) The family courts may terminate the parental rights in respect to any child as to any natural non-birthing parent who is not the child's legal, adjudicated, presumed or concerned non-birthing parent under chapter 578.
(5) The family courts may terminate the parental rights in respect to any child of any natural parent upon a finding by clear and convincing evidence that the natural parent committed sexual assault of the other natural parent, or an equivalent offense under the laws of another state, territory, possession, or Native American tribe where the offense occurred, and the child was conceived as a result of the sexual assault perpetrated by the parent whose rights are sought to be terminated; provided that:
(A) The court shall accept, as conclusive proof of the sexual assault, a guilty plea or conviction of the child's natural parent for the sexual assault, or an equivalent offense under the laws of another state, territory, possession, or Native American tribe where the offense occurred, of the other natural parent;
(B) Termination shall mean, when used with respect to parental rights in this paragraph, a complete and final termination of the parent's right to custody of, guardianship of, visitation with, access to, and inheritance from a child;
(C) The termination of parental rights shall not affect the obligation of the child's natural parent to support the child;
(D) The court may order the child's natural parent to pay child support;
(E) It is presumed that termination of parental rights is in the best interest of the child if the child was conceived as a result of the sexual assault;
(F) This paragraph shall not apply if subsequent to the date of the sexual assault, the child's natural parent and custodial natural parent cohabitate and establish a mutual custodial environment for the child; and
(G) The custodial natural parent may petition the court to reinstate the child's natural parent's parental rights terminated pursuant to this paragraph.
The authority provided under this section may be exercised under this chapter only when a verified petition, substantially in the form prescribed above, has been filed by some responsible adult person on behalf of the child in the family court of the circuit in which the parent resides or the child resides or was born, and the court has conducted a hearing of the petition.
If the birthing parent of the child files with the petition an affidavit representing that the identity or whereabouts of the child's non-birthing parent is unknown to or not ascertainable by the birthing parent or that other good cause exists why notice cannot or should not be given to the non-birthing parent, the court shall conduct a hearing to determine whether notice is required.
If the court finds that good cause exists why notice cannot or should not be given to the child's non-birthing parent, and that the non-birthing parent is neither the legal nor adjudicated nor presumed non-birthing parent of the child, nor has the non-birthing parent demonstrated a reasonable degree of interest, concern, or responsibility as to the existence or welfare of the child, the court may enter an order authorizing the termination of the non-birthing parent's parental rights and the subsequent adoption of the child without notice to the non-birthing parent. [L 1965, c 232, pt of §1; Supp, §333-29; HRS §571-61; am L 1970, c 205, §2; am L 1971, c 46, §1; am L 1973, c 211, §1(h); am L 1974, c 74, §1; am L 1976, c 85, §14; am L 1980, c 55, §1; am L 1982, c 49, §1; am L 1983, c 171, §4; am L 1993, c 160, §2; am L 2011, c 220, §17; am L 2013, c 253, §3; am L 2016, c 213, §2; am L 2023, c 160, §2]
Case Notes
No constitutional right of minor mother was violated when during her absence from hearing she was represented by guardian ad litem. 52 H. 395, 477 P.2d 780 (1970).
In subsection (b)(1)(D): "Care and support" refers exclusively to financial support; involuntary termination may not occur absent finding of purpose to abdicate parental rights; one year period does not refer solely to the year immediately preceding petition's filing; not unconstitutionally vague. 64 H. 85, 637 P.2d 760 (1981).
"Foreseeable future" means three years from the filing date of the petition for termination of parental rights. 8 H. App. 66, 793 P.2d 669 (1990).
Record of child protective services case can be considered in a case brought under this section. 8 H. App. 161, 795 P.2d 294 (1990).
Father's right to custody was terminated and children were placed in the custody of foster parents. 8 H. App. 377, 805 P.2d 1215 (1991).
Nothing in subsection (a) or chapter 587 indicates that when the department of human services and the affected parents settle a termination proceeding, they may do so only by resorting to a subsection (a) proceeding. 90 H. 200 (App.), 978 P.2d 166 (1999).
Trial court erred in applying clear and convincing evidence standard of proof in deciding whether natural father was an unfit parent in a petition by grandparents for guardianship of the person of their grandson, as a guardianship of the person of a minor is neither absolute nor irrevocable, and the heightened standard of proof attendant upon those attributes of a termination of parental rights did not apply. 106 H. 75 (App.), 101 P.3d 684 (2004).